A card-based transaction typically travels from a transaction-acquiring device, such as a point-of-sale terminal or an automated teller machine ATMthrough a series of networks, to a card issuing system for authorization against the card holder's account. These fields are used by each network to adapt the standard for its own use with custom fields and custom usages. It defines many standard fields data elements which remain the same in all systems or networks, and leaves a few additional fields for passing network-specific details. Although ISO defines a common standard, it is not typically used directly by systems or networks. In particular, the MasterCardVisa and Verve networks base their authorization communications on the ISO standard, as do many other institutions and networks. ISO defines a message format and a communication flow so that different systems can exchange these transaction requests and responses. It is the International Organization for Standardization standard for systems that exchange electronic transactions initiated by cardholders using payment cards. ISO is an international standard for financial transaction card originated interchange messaging.
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